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Description
Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and IslamBlack Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam chronicles the experiences, identity, and achievements of enslaved black people in Morocco from the sixteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century. Chouki El Hamel argues that we cannot rely solely on Islamic ideology as the key to explain social relations and particularly the history of black slavery in the Muslim world, for this viewpoint yields an inaccurate historical record of the
Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam chronicles the experiences, identity, and achievements of enslaved black people in Morocco from the sixteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century. Chouki El Hamel argues that we cannot rely solely on Islamic ideology as the key to explain social relations and particularly the history of black slavery in the Muslim world, for this viewpoint yields an inaccurate historical record of the people, institutions, and social practices of slavery in Northwest Africa. El Hamel focuses on black Moroccans' collective experience beginning with their enslavement to serve as the loyal army of the Sultan Isma'il. By the time the Sultan died in 1727, they had become a political force, making and unmaking rulers well into the nineteenth century. The emphasis on the political history of the black army is augmented by a close examination of the continuity of black Moroccan identity through the musical and cultural practices of the Gnawa.Binding Type: Paperback
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 02/27/2014
ISBN: 9781107651777
Pages: 354
Weight: 1.14lbs
Size: 9.00h x 6.00w x 0.79d
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4.3 ★★★★★
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 2
Way to harsh
I’m not someone that has sensitive skin, like at all. I even exfoliate every week or two with one of those super course gloves that legit beads up your dead skin. When I first came across these Cleanlogic I thought that they were like a washcloth material but in poof form, I actually got them thinking my son would love them. Once I got them and felt them I realized that they were way to course to let my 8 year old use. But since I generally love exfoliating ones like these I figured I would love them.
Unfortunately these are way to harsh even for me. You can barely touch them to your skin without feeling like they are going to leave scratch marks! I even thought maybe they needed to soak in water for a bit and that they were just stiff. Nope. So unfortunately for me these are a pass.
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Reviewed in the United States on November 7, 2021
★★★★★ 5
Sensitivity and gum issues be gone
Flavor Name: Mint, Size: 3.4 Ounce (Pack of 1)
Great toothpaste! I've been incorporating more nano hydroxyapatite into my oral care routine, and I was pleased to find this with a verifiable 10% concentration. It's pricey, but worth it in my opinion. It only takes a tiny amount to do the job, which is actually surprising considering it doesn't foam. I'm prone to canker sores, and this prevents them. The taste is fresh and not too overpowering. It's great if you have sensitivity, and definitely reduces or eliminates it. I had professional whitening done, and zero sensitivity because of this. It's great for preventing stains on your teeth (huge coffee/tea drinker), too! And, if you have gum issues, this will help tremendously. My dentist was very pleased at my appointment this past week. Will continue to use, and recommend to others.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 11, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Holistic Dentist Recommended & We’ve Seen a Big Difference
Flavor Name: Mint, Size: 3.4 Ounce (Pack of 1)
Our holistic dentist recommended Dr. Jen’s fluoride-free toothpaste with 10% nano-hydroxyapatite after my daughter had struggled with quite a few cavities. We wanted something that would help strengthen and support her enamel without fluoride, and this was the product she specifically suggested.
One thing I really like is that it’s a non-rinse formula. After brushing, she just spits and doesn’t rinse, so the nano-hydroxyapatite can stay on the teeth longer to help support enamel. That gives me extra peace of mind knowing it’s continuing to work even after brushing.
The texture is smooth and not gritty, and the flavor is mild enough that she actually uses it without complaining. Since switching, her teeth look clean and healthy, and we feel much better about her cavity prevention routine.
The only downside is the price — it’s definitely very expensive and one of the most expensive toothpastes out there. But for us, given the dentist recommendation and the peace of mind, it’s been worth it.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 19, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Hopefully it strengthens the Tooth Enamel!
Flavor Name: Mint, Size: 3.4 Ounce (Pack of 1)
Excellent Product: I've been using its for a couple months and the flavor is fantastic. Ideally, you don't want to rinse it off your teeth so that the Active HA coats them and stays on for a while (especially at night). I've been recommending it for my patients in my office, and will see if it stops some of the smaller cavities. I'm not a paid Sponsor but love the product
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Reviewed in the United States on May 10, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Does what it claims.
Flavor Name: Mint, Size: 3.4 Ounce (Pack of 1)
Love this toothpaste. Helps with my sensitive teeth and I’ve gotten comments about how white my teeth are. Being fluoride free big plus
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Reviewed in the United States on May 19, 2026