SKU: 78178317074

K-Lokus

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Description

K-LokusDas defensin 103 (CBD103) Gen auf dem K Lokus spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Ausdrucksweise der Fellfarbe bei Hunden. Sein Protein bindet an MC1R, was zu einem Farbwechsel fhrt. Krzlich wurde eine Mutation im CBD103 Gen mit schwarzer Fellfarbe bei vielen Hunderassen in Verbindung gebracht. Der K Lokus ist dominant ber den A Lokus und bestimmt daher, ob die Farben, die auf dem A Lokus kodiert sind, ausgedrckt werden. Der Ausdruck des K Lokus hngt

Das β-defensin 103 (CBD103) Gen auf dem K-Lokus spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Ausdrucksweise der Fellfarbe bei Hunden. Sein Protein bindet an MC1R, was zu einem Farbwechsel führt. Kürzlich wurde eine Mutation im CBD103-Gen mit schwarzer Fellfarbe bei vielen Hunderassen in Verbindung gebracht. Der K-Lokus ist dominant über den A-Lokus und bestimmt daher, ob die Farben, die auf dem A-Lokus kodiert sind, ausgedrückt werden. Der Ausdruck des K-Lokus hängt von den Genotypen des E-Lokus ab. Drei verschiedene Allele sind am K-Lokus mit folgender Hierarchie beschrieben: KB (dominant schwarz) > kbr (gestromt) > ky (normal).

Das Allel KB (dominant schwarz) kodiert für eine einheitliche Fellfärbung. Die Mutation erlaubt keinen Ausdruck des A-Lokus, was zu einfarbigen pigmentierten Bereichen führt. Aufgrund des dominanten Erbgangs ist nur ein Allel notwendig, um den A-Lokus zu unterdrücken. Ein homozygoter oder heterozygoter Hund wird nur die Grundfellfarbe ausdrücken, die durch die Genotypen am B- und E-Lokus bestimmt wird.

Das Allel kbr kodiert für ein gestromtes Fellmuster. Es erlaubt den Ausdruck des A-Lokus, beeinflusst ihn jedoch so, dass der Hund gestromte Agouti-Muster hat. Das gestromte Fell besteht aus dunklen Eumelaninstreifen auf einer Pheomelaninbasis (fawn). Die Farbe der Eumelaninstreifen wird durch die B- und D-Loci definiert. Das Allel kbr ist rezessiv gegenüber dem Allel KB, dominiert jedoch über ky. Genotypen, die das gestromte Fellmuster ausdrücken, sind kbr/kbr oder kbr/ky.

Das Allel ky ist das normale Allel ohne Mutation und hat keinen Einfluss auf die Fellfarbe. Es erlaubt den vollen Ausdruck der Farben, die durch den A-Lokus definiert sind.

Mit dem verfügbaren Gentest ist es möglich, das Allel KB nachzuweisen. Eine zuverlässige Unterscheidung zwischen den Allelen kbr und ky ist derzeit nicht möglich, daher werden Allele, bei denen KB nicht vorhanden ist, als n gekennzeichnet. Der Gentest für den K-Lokus bestimmt, ob der Hund homozygot oder heterozygot für das Allel KB ist, was den Ausdruck des A-Lokus ermöglicht, kann jedoch nicht unterscheiden, welches der rezessiven Allele im getesteten Hund vorhanden ist. Mit einer kombinierten Analyse der Fellfarbe der Eltern und Nachkommen sowie dem Gentest für den K-Lokus ist es möglich vorherzusagen, ob der Hund das Allel kbr trägt. Bei Rassen, die kein gestromtes Farbmuster ausdrücken, ist der Gentest für den K-Lokus ausreichend für eine vollständige Analyse.

Genotyp

Beschreibung

KB/KB:

Der Hund ist homozygot für eine einheitliche Fellfärbung in pigmentierten Bereichen und überträgt KB-Allele auf alle seine Welpen; Agouti- und gestromte Fellmuster werden nicht ausgedrückt.

KB/n:

Der Hund ist heterozygot für eine einheitliche Fellfärbung in pigmentierten Bereichen und überträgt KB-Allele auf die Hälfte seiner Welpen; Agouti-Fellmuster werden aufgrund des dominanten KB-Allels nicht ausgedrückt. Hunde mit diesem Genotyp können manchmal gestromt sein (wenn sie nicht gestromt sind, wird eine einfarbige Färbung erwartet).

n/n:

Die Farbe wird durch den A-Lokus definiert; bei Rassen, die das gestromte Muster ausdrücken, kann die Farbe auch vom Allel kbr abhängen (das Allel kbr kann durch eine kombinierte Analyse des Gentests für den K-Lokus und der Fellfarbe bestimmt werden).

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SKU: 78178317074

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4.5 ★★★★★
Based on 15 reviews
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Verified Purchase
WMiracle
San Leandro, US
★★★★★ 5
The best!
UPDATE: 08/05/2025 - This is still one of my dog's 2 fav training/play toys. A couple of notes: 1. This is not a chew toy. If your pup is chewing up the rope, that's on you. That being said, you can get 100' of the poly cord rope at Home Depot for like $4.98. You can make nearly 100 ropes out of 100'. How hard is it to replace the rope????? 2. My pup is a now 15 month old Malinois. His original balls, purchase in September 2024 are still in everyday, multiple times per day, play. I did get careless and leave one where he got it and chew the rope. Easily replaced. Nothing to fret over. Yes, that was on me! 3.The foam ball is virtually indestructible! Replace the rope! 4. I noticed the price for the yellow large went from $12 each to $24. THIS will cause me to go elsewhere if they doubled in price. I LOVE these balls but not that much. I noticed they have a new yellow ball that has a strap vs. a rope. I might try that if I need one, but I have 6 of these balls, 2 never used yet, 2 that are virtually new looking, and 2 that have been in play since september 2024. I don't think I'll be buying more any time soon, but if I do need more, I hope they haven't gone up to $24 each. One of my top, go-to training tools. Quality is great other than the shrink wrap around the string joint. It's junk but not essential. Great tug and fetch toy. Essential to teaching a good "out" command (2 are recommended for this).
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Reviewed in the United States on January 11, 2025
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Verified Purchase
Rosalie
Lake Worth, US
★★★★★ 5
Best dog ball
This is our go to dog toy for our German shepherd. its great for training in sports as well as outings at the beach, considering it floats! Never had him destroy one, so its extremely durable. I like that its a bright color so its easier to locate when i accidently let go of the rope too late and end up whipping it 20 ft into the woods. Easy to clean, all around just a great toy. Also love the large size as having a dog accidently lodge a ball into its throat is a real fear of mine, I do not have to worry about that with this toy. I should also mention the rope is a must, as touching a slobbery ball isn't the greatest feeling in the world and it puts your hands out of harms way. I will forever order these.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 7, 2025
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Verified Purchase
Mavis Adam
Charlottesville, US
★★★★★ 4
Great ball, bad rope
Size: Medium, Number of Items: 1, Size: Medium, Number of Items: 1
My dog and I love the starmark ball on a rope tug toys. While this is one of the best tug toys we have found, I am continually disappointed with the quality of the rope. The plastic sleeve comes off the first day, and after that the stitching begins to weaken until the rope ends come apart and the rope slides out of the ball. Is there a way to improve this design so that this toy lasts longer? My dog is not left alone with the toy, it is only used as an interactive tug toy as a training reward. I am updating my review now several months later. I reinforced the rope with a paracord braid and the toy now lasts a very long time. My dog and I play with this toy everyday on our morning hike. He is a large German Shepherd with high ball drive. He carries this ball in his mouth several miles on our morning hike. We play fetch in the fields near our home and in the lake beyond the fields with this toy every day. This toy is his reward in obedience training and we play a lot of tug with it every day. Reinforcing the handle has made a huge difference as the toy lasts and lasts now with the improved rope. Great ball, we will always have a collection of them at our house!
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Reviewed in the United States on September 19, 2020
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Verified Purchase
AGJ
San Leandro, US
★★★★★ 5
Great for training and play!
Size: Medium, Number of Items: 1
My German shepherd love this toy! Great to take on walks with you as light weight and can fit in your pocket. Stands up to the toughest of play. Great as reward toy for training in place of treats! We always have one on hand at home or out and about!
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Reviewed in the United States on March 18, 2026
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Verified Purchase
Room112
Draper, US
★★★★★ 5
Great for big dogs
Size: Medium, Number of Items: 1
Our pup is now 15 months old (nearly 110 lb and still growing). We got this ball when he was 3 or 4 months old. GOODS - - Our pup fetches with extreme drive, and the rope helps him quickly snatch the ball off the ground (versus a tennis ball, in which we are worried he will go head over heels at times) - Our pup also loves to play fetch in the water, and this ball floats great and again, the rope gives another point to bite onto - The yellow color is easy to see, even in grass - Our pup typically fetches the ball, and leaves the rope mostly out of his mouth. So, throwing the ball doesn't result in saliva-covered hands - It's pretty easy to throw the ball 50', and possible to throw it 100' - It doesn't roll/bounce, so if you are for example playing fetch on your front lawn and are concerned with a tennis ball rolling into the street, this one alleviates that issue - Our pup is spoiled and has several balls. This is absolutely his go to ball. We have woken up in the morning before to see him standing next to the bed with the ball in his mouth, asking us to get up and play. BADS - - Occasionally when he goes to fetch it, he will step on the rope as he tries to pull up on the ball. - We have gotten this ball stuck in trees multiple times. In fact, there is one stuck on the roof of our church from playing fetch on the lawn there. :-/ Not a fault of the ball, but if you start whipping it around like nunchucks, it might not go where you want. - The near max you can through this ball is 100'. And since it doesn't roll/bounce, throw distance is throttled. We often play fetch in a local baseball field, and have no issue wearing him out with this ball. However, if you are planning on throwing a ball the distance of half a football field, you might want to consider something else. SIZE - - We purchased both the medium and the large. Even though our pup is huge and can fit a soccer ball in his mouth, he still prefers the medium. It's easier for him to get in his mouth and breath while running back. The medium is the size of an orange, whereas the large is the size of a grapefruit. DURABILITY - - We have gone through about 4 of these balls, BUT this is because we lost 3 of them. We believe he dropped one out of the car window while we were driving, one is on the roof of our church, and I forget about the other one. On the first one we had, the stitching behind the black tape was down to a few threads after about 5 months. Given duration we use these balls (every day) and the joy he gets from them, I feel the durability is good for the price. - We do play tug with the ball at times, and no issues there Enjoy!
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Reviewed in the United States on December 17, 2013

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